Features of a Healthy Individual

Features of a Healthy IndividualPart A is Read the Nutrition and Diet science box (provided in the accessory, p days 21) appendmarize the principal(prenominal) points in your own words (approximately 100 words).Part AThe healthy diet can be subdivided into different functional components. There be those that lay out the major elements vital for the respiratory processes, such as carbohydrates and fats, and the proteins which ar largely responsible for physical bodily maintenance. Carbohydrates provide the major energy elements with simple carbohydrates existence easily assimilated into the blood stream and thereby into the respiratory pathway of the cell, and the complex carbohydrates being more resistant to digestive processes and thereby providing a longer consideration energy substrate.Fats also provide energy with unsaturated fats being a more healthy option than saturated ones.Vitamins and minerals are required in mg quantities and facilitate vital specific metabolic pr ocesses in the body. Vitamins are categorised into water and fat soluble varietiesPart B is using examples from Chapter 3, (provided in the attachment chapter 3 is on page 35) describe just about psychological factors that are influences on the health of the mortal (approximately 600 words.)Part BThe health of an various(prenominal) is the sum total of numerous disparate processes. Some of these processes can be influenced by the behaviour of the individual and this, in turn, is capable of being determined or modified by the beliefs, emotions and cognitive state of the individual as well as the environment. (Finlay L et al. 2005). Other factors are largely immutable such as the individuals genetic make up which is determined at birth and despite recent advances in the field of gene therapy, is largely unchangeable.Personal choices are subject to numerous internal and external factors. If one considers intoxicant as an illustrative example then clearly the level of alcohol int ake of an individual is ultimately a matter of personal choice, but this can be influenced by belief systems which, in turn, can be modified by social pressures and other factors in the environment. Belief systems can be overridden or modified by compulsion or craving.A person may find that they jollify alcohol when under social pressure such as being in a group when everyone else is sucking, but equally may not drink when they are alone. Alcohol has the added complicating effect that it directly affects a persons state of mind (and therefore actions) in a variety of complex ways. It initially disinhibits a person but then, in higher doses, causes confusion and suppression of higher mental functions. Factors that were relevant in a sober state are not necessarily valid when significant amounts of alcohol have been drunk. A person may have the knowledge and belief that two drinks in an even are sufficient for their perceived needs, but when they have had those two drinks, factors such as social pressure, a desire for tension release or relaxation, or perhaps a reduction of inhibitory thoughts, may culminate in an increased desire for more alcohol. This can be a vicious striation to the point where the toxic effect of alcohol become apparent. (subgenus Cheng A T A et al. 2004)There is a large body of evidence which details the effects of the misuse of alcohol on the body. Heart, liver and neurological problems are the commonest sequelae. The development of such complications may come on to be an additional factor in a persons decision to change their lifestyle. The development of obvious heart or liver disease, which impacts on an individuals quality of life, may prove to be a catalyst in modifying their drinking habits.Some individuals may have an addictive personality. While there is controversy about the true(a) definition of this trait, there seems little doubt that it exists. Such addictive people are far more likely to overindulge or persist in habi tual or obsessive patterns of behaviour and drinking alcohol is an area where such patterns have been identified and observed. (Echeburua E et al. 2005)Genetic factors have been implicated (but not proved) in this addictive personality. Genetic factors have also been positively implicated in the variation of effect that alcohol has on the body. Some people place to have greater tolerance to the effects of alcohol than others. This, in part, is due to genetically determined variations in the ability of their bodies to metabolise alcohol. (Wall T et al. 2003)These are some of psychological factors which seem to be generally accepted as being relevant in considerations of alcohol. There are clearly a great many other elements, as demonstrable risk factors include a higher risk of habituation in adolescents and adult men, particularly those with a family history of alcohol addiction, unemployment, marital problems, lower educational level certain ethnicities and cultural attachments. T he exact causes of these associations is not clear and is likely to be a complex interaction of many factors, but most authorities agree that psychological factors are amongst the strongest influences on the desire to take alcohol. (Hawkins J D et al. 1997)References Cheng A T A, Gau S F, Chen T H H, Chang J C, Chang Y T (2004) A 4-Year Longitudinal Study on Risk Factors for Alcoholism. Arch Gen Psychiatry, February 1, 2004 61( 2) 184 191.Echeburua E, Bravo De Medinar R, Aizpiri E (2005) ALCOHOLISM AND spirit DISORDERS AN EXPLORATORY STUDY. Alcohol and Alcoholism 2005 40 (4) 323 326Finlay, L., Pearson, C. and Ram S. (2005) Understandinghealth, Milton Keynes, The Open UniversityHawkins J D, Graham J W, Maguin E, Abbott R, Hill K G, Catalano R F. (1997) Exploring the effects of age of alcohol use initiation and psychosocial risk factors on subsequent alcohol misuse. J Stud Alcohol. 1997 58 280 290Jung J (2001) The Psychology of Alcohol and Other Drugs. A Research Perspective. Alc ohol and Alcoholism Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 98 99, 2003Wall T L, Carr L G, Ehlers C L (2003) Protective Association of Genetic Variation in Alcohol Dehydrogenase With Alcohol Dependence. Am J Psychiatry 160 41 46, January 200326.9.08 Word count 1,023 PDG